Ontology of Economics - Revision history

Phismith at 12:19, 20 July 2026

2026-07-20T12:19:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:19, 20 July 2026
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	Note that if you are using the free version of an LLM this may require you to send longer documents in separate chunks. In this case I recommend that you invest (ca. $20 per month) for the extended version of the LLM.		Note that if you are using the free version of an LLM this may require you to send longer documents in separate chunks. In this case I recommend that you invest (ca. $20 per month) for the extended version of the LLM.

	Feel free to contact me if you have any questions.		Feel free to contact Dr Smith if you have any questions.

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Phismith: /* Required reading */

2026-07-20T11:59:37Z

Required reading

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	B. Smith and J. Landgrebe, 2022, [https://buffalo.box.com/s/pkwxnosijir07tn5lpp0g2upw894r2yo "Models of Complex Systems"], especially pp. 157f.		B. Smith and J. Landgrebe, 2022, [https://buffalo.box.com/s/pkwxnosijir07tn5lpp0g2upw894r2yo "Models of Complex Systems"], especially pp. 157f.

			E Martinelli. 2025 [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13869795.2025.2521296#d1e140 "A taxonomy of agents"]

			E Martinelli, 2025 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00146-024-02078-9 "An agent-based approach to the limits of economic planning"]

			E Martinelli and B Smith, 2025 [https://philarchive.org/archive/MARSUM-4 "Artificial Intelligence and the Creativity of Human Entrepreneurs"]

	== '''Recommended background video content''' ==		== '''Recommended background video content''' ==

Phismith: /* Grading */

2026-05-20T22:25:04Z

Grading

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:25, 20 May 2026
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	PhD candidates:		PhD candidates:
	2 credit hours: 2500 words / starting draft: 1000 words		:2 credit hours: 2500 words / starting draft: 1000 words
	3 credit hours: 2500 + 3500 words / starting draft: 1000 + 1000 words		:3 credit hours: 2500 + 3500 words / starting draft: 1000 + 1000 words
	Masters candidates:		Masters candidates:
	2 credit hours: 1500 words /starting draft: 750 words		:2 credit hours: 1500 words /starting draft: 750 words
	3 credit hours: 1500 + 2000 words / starting draft: 750 + 750 words		:3 credit hours: 1500 + 2000 words / starting draft: 750 + 750 words

	=='''Using LLMs in writing your essay'''==		=='''Using LLMs in writing your essay'''==

Phismith at 14:50, 7 February 2026

2026-02-07T14:50:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:50, 7 February 2026
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	=='''Required reading''' ==		=='''Required reading''' ==

	W. Grassl, and B. Smith (eds.), 2010, [https://~~search.lib~~.~~buffalo~~.~~edu~~/~~discovery~~/~~fulldisplay?docid=alma9939883749704803&context=L&vid=01SUNY_BUF:everything&lang=en&search_scope=UBSUNY&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=EverythingUBSUNY&query=any,contains,jobst%20landgrebe~~ ''Austrian Economics: Historical and Philosophical Background'']		W. Grassl, and B. Smith (eds.), 2010, [https://buffalo.box.com/s/9qe3texjo9jwxctoodcu4v66jhrakt20 ''Austrian Economics: Historical and Philosophical Background''], pp. 1-36

	F. A. Hayek, 1945, [https://german.yale.edu/sites/default/files/hayek_-_the_use_of_knowledge_in_society.pdf "The Use of Knowledge in Society"]		F. A. Hayek, 1945, [https://german.yale.edu/sites/default/files/hayek_-_the_use_of_knowledge_in_society.pdf "The Use of Knowledge in Society"]

Phismith at 14:47, 7 February 2026

2026-02-07T14:47:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:47, 7 February 2026
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	=='''Required reading''' ==		=='''Required reading''' ==

	W. Grassl, and B. Smith (eds.), 2010, [https://buffalo.~~box.com~~/s/~~9qe3texjo9jwxctoodcu4v66jhrakt20~~ ''Austrian Economics: Historical and Philosophical Background'']~~, pp. 1-36~~		W. Grassl, and B. Smith (eds.), 2010, [https://search.lib.buffalo.edu/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9939883749704803&context=L&vid=01SUNY_BUF:everything&lang=en&search_scope=UBSUNY&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=EverythingUBSUNY&query=any,contains,jobst%20landgrebe ''Austrian Economics: Historical and Philosophical Background'']

	F. A. Hayek, 1945, [https://german.yale.edu/sites/default/files/hayek_-_the_use_of_knowledge_in_society.pdf "The Use of Knowledge in Society"]		F. A. Hayek, 1945, [https://german.yale.edu/sites/default/files/hayek_-_the_use_of_knowledge_in_society.pdf "The Use of Knowledge in Society"]

Phismith: /* 1o. Document Acts, Creativity, and Entrepreneurial Perception */

2026-02-06T13:29:04Z

1o. Document Acts, Creativity, and Entrepreneurial Perception

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:29, 6 February 2026
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	:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Searle-and-de-Soto Slides]		:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Searle-and-de-Soto Slides]

	==1o. Document Acts, Creativity, and Entrepreneurial Perception==		==10. Document Acts, Creativity, and Entrepreneurial Perception==

	Money		Money

Phismith: /* Document Acts, Creativity, and Entrepreneurial Perception */

2026-02-06T13:27:50Z

Document Acts, Creativity, and Entrepreneurial Perception

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:27, 6 February 2026
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	:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Searle-and-de-Soto Slides]		:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Searle-and-de-Soto Slides]

	==Document Acts, Creativity, and Entrepreneurial Perception==		==1o. Document Acts, Creativity, and Entrepreneurial Perception==

	Money		Money

Phismith: /* 4. Economic Goods and Institutions */

2026-01-20T13:40:42Z

4. Economic Goods and Institutions

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	:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qrwWAISrC8 Video]		:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qrwWAISrC8 Video]
	:https://buffalo.box.com/v/ontology-of-services Slides]		:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/ontology-of-services Slides]

	EM on Goods and Institutions		EM on Goods and Institutions

Phismith: /* 4. Economic Goods and Institutions */

2026-01-20T13:40:28Z

4. Economic Goods and Institutions

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	== 4. Economic Goods and Institutions ==		== 4. Economic Goods and Institutions ==

	1. BS on The distinction between goods and services. An application of BFO to the economic realm.		BS on The distinction between goods and services. An application of BFO to the economic realm.

	:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZUmhg7vzRs ~~Beyond the Goods-Services Continuum:~~ Video]		:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZUmhg7vzRs Video]
	:[https://buffalo.box.com/s/yhmakros7t8epydqsi069q47g35xzjve BS Slides]		:[https://buffalo.box.com/s/yhmakros7t8epydqsi069q47g35xzjve Slides]
	~~:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qrwWAISrC8 Ontology of Social Services: Video~~]

	1. EM on Goods and Institutions		The Ontology of (Social) Services

			:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qrwWAISrC8 Video]
			:https://buffalo.box.com/v/ontology-of-services Slides]

			EM on Goods and Institutions

	Property plays a pivotal role in any commercial economy. The class will discuss the nature and origin of property, discussing classical views like Hohfeld's and Locke's in comparison with the realist perspective of Reinach. Introducing an understanding of the goods at the core of property, the class will encounter Samuelson's classic notions of 'rivalry' and 'excludability' and the subsequent debate around public goods. These may be extended to draw a basic ontology of different kinds of economic goods, following the intuitions of Elinor Ostrom and Mancur Olson. Building an ontology of economic goods is important in the normative domain as well, as institutions can be understood as different systems of rules that are tailored to facilitate the social provision of different kinds of economic goods.		Property plays a pivotal role in any commercial economy. The class will discuss the nature and origin of property, discussing classical views like Hohfeld's and Locke's in comparison with the realist perspective of Reinach. Introducing an understanding of the goods at the core of property, the class will encounter Samuelson's classic notions of 'rivalry' and 'excludability' and the subsequent debate around public goods. These may be extended to draw a basic ontology of different kinds of economic goods, following the intuitions of Elinor Ostrom and Mancur Olson. Building an ontology of economic goods is important in the normative domain as well, as institutions can be understood as different systems of rules that are tailored to facilitate the social provision of different kinds of economic goods.

Phismith: /* 4. Economic Goods and Institutions */

2026-01-20T13:35:10Z

4. Economic Goods and Institutions

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:35, 20 January 2026
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	== 4. Economic Goods and Institutions ==		== 4. Economic Goods and Institutions ==

	1. (BS) The distinction between goods and services. An application of BFO to the economic realm.		1. BS on The distinction between goods and services. An application of BFO to the economic realm.

	2. ~~(EM) Property plays a pivotal role in any commercial economy~~. ~~The class will discuss~~ the ~~nature and origin of property, discussing classical views like Hohfeld's and Locke's in comparison with the realist perspective of Reinach~~. ~~Introducing an understanding of the goods at the core of property, the class will encounter Samuelson'~~s ~~classic notions of 'rivalry' and 'excludability' and the subsequent debate around public goods~~. ~~These may be extended to draw a basic ontology of different kinds of economic goods, following the intuitions of Elinor Ostrom and Mancur Olson~~. ~~Building an ontology~~ of economic goods is important in the normative domain as well, as institutions can be understood as different systems of rules that are tailored to facilitate the social provision of different kinds of economic goods.		:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZUmhg7vzRs Beyond the Goods-Services Continuum: Video]
			:[https://buffalo.box.com/s/yhmakros7t8epydqsi069q47g35xzjve BS Slides]
			:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qrwWAISrC8 Ontology of Social Services: Video]

	~~Part~~ 1~~: BS~~ on Goods and ~~Services~~		1. EM on Goods and Institutions

	~~[https://buffalo~~.~~box~~.~~com/~~s~~/yhmakros7t8epydqsi069q47g35xzjve BS Slides]~~		Property plays a pivotal role in any commercial economy. The class will discuss the nature and origin of property, discussing classical views like Hohfeld's and Locke's in comparison with the realist perspective of Reinach. Introducing an understanding of the goods at the core of property, the class will encounter Samuelson's classic notions of 'rivalry' and 'excludability' and the subsequent debate around public goods. These may be extended to draw a basic ontology of different kinds of economic goods, following the intuitions of Elinor Ostrom and Mancur Olson. Building an ontology of economic goods is important in the normative domain as well, as institutions can be understood as different systems of rules that are tailored to facilitate the social provision of different kinds of economic goods.

	[https://~~www~~.~~youtube~~.com/~~watch?~~v~~=CZUmhg7vzRs Beyond the Goods-Services Continuum: Video]~~		:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Ontology-of-Economics-4 EM Video]
			:[https://buffalo.box.com/s/brt2o2kegvxixhdagts5wcmp78m3jrw5 EM Slides]
	~~[https:~~/~~/www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qrwWAISrC8~~ Ontology of ~~Social Services:~~ Video]

	~~Part 2~~: ~~EM on Goods and Institutions~~

	[https://buffalo.box.com/s/brt2o2kegvxixhdagts5wcmp78m3jrw5 EM Slides]

	~~[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Ontology-of-Economics-4 EM Video~~]

	[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10516-017-9351-5.pdf Paper on Reinach and Property]		[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10516-017-9351-5.pdf Paper on Reinach and Property]